This dataset provides comprehensive, regionally disaggregated climate data for Ghana covering the period from 1981 to 2024. It includes long-term records of key climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature (minimum and maximum) aggregated across all 16 administrative regions of Ghana. The data were compiled from reliable national and international sources, processed to ensure temporal consistency, and standardized for spatial comparability. The dataset is suitable for spatiotemporal climate analysis, trend detection, and impact assessment studies linking climate variability to sectors such as agriculture, health, and water resources. It can also support machine learning, statistical modelling, and policy-oriented research on climate change adaptation and regional development planning in Ghana.