Abdullahabdazeez/ayetoro-3d-coastal-vulnerability

3D geospatial assessment of coastal exposure, settlement vulnerability and climate-adaptation priorities in Aiyetoro, Ondo State, Nigeria. # 3D Coastal Erosion and Settlement Vulnerability — Ayetoro, Nigeria **A geospatial coastal-vulnerability assessment and 3D planning visualization for climate-adaptation planning in Ayetoro, Ondo State, Nigeria.** Ayetoro is a low-lying coastal settlement exposed to shoreline retreat, flooding and coastal hazards. This project combines shoreline proximity, low elevation, settlement density, road density and facility exposure to assess relative coastal vulnerability at building level and support climate-adaptation planning. The final reconstructed analysis uses a validated inventory of **1,628 building footprints**. Of these, **1,463** are retained OpenStreetMap footprints and **165** are independent supplementary detections from Google Open Buildings V3, increasing the refined inventory by **11.28%**. The final Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) ranges from **0.4142 to 0.7500**, with a mean building CVI of **0.6421**. **1,175 buildings (72.17%)** fall within the High or Very High relative vulnerability classes, including **345 buildings (21.19%)** classified as Very High. ## Research question **Where are buildings in Ayetoro most vulnerable to coastal hazards, and how can geospatial analysis and 3D visualization support climate-adaptation planning?** ## Study area Ayetoro is a coastal settlement in Ilaje Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. Its low-lying physical setting and documented history of shoreline encroachment make it an important case for spatially targeted climate-adaptation planning. ## Data and analytical framework The Coastal Vulnerability Index integrates five indicators: | Indicator | Weight | |---|---:| | Shoreline proximity | 0.30 | | Low elevation | 0.25 | | Building density | 0.20 | | Road density | 0.15 | | Facility exposure | 0.10 | Building height is **not** an input to the vulnerability model. ## Key findings - The validated settlement inventory contains **1,628 buildings**. - **1,463 OpenStreetMap footprints** were retain …