adegbolaayeni/Economics-Education-and-Unemployment-in-Nigeria
Domaine:
educationsocioeconomicType de record:
paper
Créateur:
ade
Hôte:
# 📚 Economics Education as a Tool for Combating Unemployment in Nigeria
> **Education Economics | Labour Market | ARDL Econometrics | Human Capital | Nigeria**
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## 🔍 Overview
This repository presents an empirical investigation into whether **economics education significantly reduces unemployment in Nigeria**, using **35 years of annual time series data (1990–2024)** and an **Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing framework**.
The study addresses a critical paradox: Nigeria has simultaneously expanded tertiary education enrolment and experienced persistently high youth unemployment — raising fundamental questions about curriculum quality, public funding adequacy, and structural labour market barriers.
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## 📋 Abstract
Three econometric models examine the economics education–unemployment nexus:
- **Model 1 (ARDL):** Impact of educational attainment on unemployment
- **Model 2 (ARDL):** Education's contribution to employment creation and self-reliance
- **Model 3 (OLS):** Macroeconomic challenges as moderators of education's employment returns
**Core Findings:**
- ✅ **H₀₁ Rejected:** Educational attainment significantly reduces unemployment long-run (β = −0.156, p = 0.028)
- ✅ **H₀₂ Rejected:** Education significantly promotes employment creation (β = +0.167, p = 0.027)
- ⚠️ **H₀₃ Partially Rejected:** Macroeconomic challenges (inflation, population growth) moderate education's employment returns (F = 5.489, p = 0.002)
- 🔑 **Government education expenditure** has the strongest long-run effect of all variables (β = −0.892 on unemployment; β = +0.945 on employment)
- 📉 Nigeria's education spending averages **0.61% of GDP** — critically below the UNESCO benchmark of **6%**
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## 🧮 Methodology
### Data Sources
| Source | Variables Covered |
|---|---|
| World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) | GDP growth, educational attainment, inflation, population growth |
| ILO – ILOSTAT | Unemployment rate |
| UNESCO Institute for Statistics | Government …
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