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# Niger Delta Oil Spill - Containment Efficiency and Response Time ML Analysis
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**Title:** Quantifying Spill Containment Efficiency and Response Time Disparities in Niger Delta Oil Infrastructure Using Machine Learning: A Comparative Analysis of Operators and Facility Types
**Status:** Under Review
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## Overview
This repository contains the complete, reproducible analysis for Paper 3, which presents the **first ML-based quantitative analysis of spill containment efficiency and response time** for the Niger Delta — defining CER and RTI as explicit operational performance metrics and identifying the predictors of poor containment outcomes.
**Core innovation:** We transform mandatory NOSDRA incident reports into actionable operational performance metrics (CER and RTI), demonstrate that flowline facilities have a statistically significant containment efficiency deficit versus pipelines, and identify a structural response time plateau since 2020 using Chow structural break testing.
### Key Results
**Containment Efficiency Ratio (CER):**
- Mean CER = 41.2% (SD 38.4%), Median = 18.5%
- Most incidents achieve low-to-moderate recovery — this is the norm, not an exception
**Flowline Deficit (most actionable finding):**
- Pipeline CER = 45.1%
- Flowline CER = **28.3%**
- Mann-Whitney p = **0.002**, Cohen d = **0.41** (small-medium effect)
- This difference is independent of volume and surface type (confirmed by multivariate regression)
**Operator Comparison:**
- NAOC CER = 42.3% vs SPDC CER = 38.7%
- Mann-Whitney p = 0.14 — **no statistically significant difference** after controlling for confounders
**Response Time (RTI):**
- RTI improved **18%** from 2016 to 2020 (from ~11.2 days to ~6.8 days)
- Chow test confirms structural break at Q2 2020 (F=6.84, **p=0.009**)
- RTI has **plateaued** since 2020 — structural constraint identified
**ML Performance (CER classification, 5-fold CV):**
| Model | Accuracy | F1 |
|-------|----------|----|
| KNN …