Governing Neural Data in the Global South: Toward a Neuro-Responsible Business Framework for Zambia

This study explores the governance of neural data information derived from brain–computer interfaces and cognitive monitoring systems in Zambia’s business management context. Using a qualitative multiple-case study approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document reviews across legal, corporate, regulatory, and academic sectors. The study identified four main themes: legal and regulatory gaps, limited institutional capacity, ethical and managerial implications of neurotechnology adoption, and socio-cultural considerations including cognitive dignity. Findings indicate that while Zambia’s data protection framework provides a foundation, it lacks explicit recognition of neural data and faces challenges in regulatory readiness, institutional expertise, and ethical guidance. The study proposes a Neuro-Responsible Governance Model to guide policy and corporate practice, aiming to safeguard mental privacy, cognitive liberty, and ethical innovation in the neuro-digital era.