Green work engagement and SMEs’ sustainable performance in Nigeria: The mediating role of green innovation

Purpose: This study examines the influence of green work engagement on the sustainable performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria, with green innovation serving as a mediating variable. The study focused on SMEs in the agricultural sector across Kaduna, Kano, and Kebbi states. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional research design was employed, adopting a survey method to obtain relevant data from employees of 103 agricultural SMEs. Using a judgmental sampling technique, 300 copies of structured questionnaires were administered physically and complemented with online distribution via Google Forms. Of these, 201 usable responses were retrieved, forming the final dataset for analysis. Findings: Green work engagement did not significantly impact SME sustainable performance, implying that employee engagement alone may not boost firm sustainability. In contrast, green innovation positively affected sustainability, showing that adopting eco-friendly practices helps achieve environmental, social, and economic goals. Green work engagement also significantly predicts green innovation, emphasizing the role of an environmentally friendly workplace in fostering creativity. Moreover, green innovation mediates the link between work engagement and sustainable performance, highlighting its key role in converting employee involvement into tangible sustainability outcomes. Limitations and Research implications: The results' generalisability is limited by the use of judgemental sampling approach and single sector. Rather of using a scale designed for green work engagement, the research adapted the conventional work engagement scale, which would have limited measurement accuracy. Practical Implications: The study highlights the need for SMEs, particularly within Nigeria's agricultural sector, to recognise that employee enthusiasm for environmentally friendly practices is essential, although insufficient for fostering sustainability independently. Originality/value: The study contributes to sustainability literature by emphasizing the importance of green innovation in bridging the gap between green work engagement and organizational sustainability. It recommends that SME managers prioritize innovation-driven green practices to achieve long-term sustainable performance.