Humanitarian Relief as a Barrier to Mental Health Literacy and Intervention during Natural Disasters: Empirical Insights from Chikwawa, Malawi

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of humanitarian relief on mental health and psychosocial support in Chikwawa, Malawi, exploring how the prioritisation of physical aid hinders the recognition and treatment of psychological trauma. Methodology: This qualitative study, conducted using the Multidimensional MHL Framework, involved semi-structured interviews with 27 survivors and 7 stakeholders in Chikwawa. This involved individual and family interviews with survivors' families and disaster recovery specialists. Data were transcribed from Chichewa into English prior to manual thematic analysis, with a focus on indigenous knowledge and institutional gaps. Findings: Results show a significant "literacy gap," with only 14.1% of participants correctly identifying clinical mental health disorders. Survivors are "literacy-locked" by a "material-first" relief paradox, in which urgent needs for food and shelter preclude engagement in mental health. Systemic neglect is evident, as literature shows that only 0.3% of national health facilities offer formal mental health services. Despite this, the indigenous philosophy of Umunthu, which emphasizes collective humanity, family and church-based coping strategies, remains a vital resource for psychosocial support. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to the advancement of knowledge by refining frameworks and explaining phenomena. It also informs practice by improving frontline methods and tools for direct application. By decisions, influencing guidelines and resource allocation the study influences policies.