ICT diffusion and cleaner energy transition as catalysts for environmental sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background This study examines the impact of education, information and communication technology (ICT) diffusion, cleaner energy transition (CET), and political stability on environmental sustainability (EVS) in 43 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The study is motivated by persistent environmental challenges and the growing need to align development with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. It aims to identify key drivers that can strengthen EVS in the region. Methodology The study employs annual data covering 43 SSA countries from 2000 to 2023. The data are obtained from the World Development Indicators. The analysis applies truncated regression, panel-corrected standard errors, and instrumental variable generalized method of moments. Common correlated effects mean group and dynamic common correlated effects estimators are also used for robustness analysis. These methods help address cross-sectional dependence, endogeneity, and heterogeneity. Results The findings show that education, ICT diffusion, and CET significantly improve EVS. Education and digital infrastructure emerge as strong drivers of sustainability progress. Cleaner energy adoption also contributes positively to environmental outcomes. In contrast, political instability, rapid economic growth, and population expansion increase environmental pressure. This highlights the challenge of balancing development goals with environmental protection. Policy implications The study emphasizes the importance of investment in human capital, digital infrastructure, renewable energy systems, and governance reforms. These measures are essential for strengthening EVS and accelerating SDG progress in SSA.