Illumination of potential varieties, precision techniques and a 4.0 technologies in coffee farming. A systematic review

The major factors contributing to low yield in the country are the limitation of high-yielding, quality-improved genotypes for each ecological zone; disease- and drought-resistant varieties; up-to-date techniques; and modern technologies. The main objective of the study was therefore to illuminate potential varieties, precision coffee growing and ‘A 4.0’ technologies in coffee farming using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were employed. Universally accredited and indexed high-quality databases, particularly Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar, were accessed to repossess published data. The titles ‘Coffee and Ethiopia and genotype or variety’, ‘precision coffee growing’, or ‘Agriculture 4.0 technology’ were used to retrieve articles. ‘Microsoft Excel’ and SAS were employed to analyze the data. A total of 57 publications were selected as they fit the objective of the study. The present study enlightened the coffee genotypes, including hybrids for high yield, quality, disease resistance and climate adaptability, which were the most limiting factors for coffee Arabica. Moreover, the current study reveals the modern techniques of geostatistics, IoT, drone technology, remote sensing, robotics, image processing, thermography and machine learning in coffee farming for sustainability.