Imaging Modalities in Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) Diagnosis: A Computer-Aided Diagnosis System Using Bilateral Mammography Images

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer. It leads to a significantly shorter survival than other types of breast cancer in the U.S. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) defines the diagnosis based on specific criteria. However, the clinical presentation of IBC in North Africa (Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia) does not agree, in many cases, with the AJCC criteria. Healthcare providers with expertise in IBC diagnosis are limited because of the rare nature of the disease. This paper reviewed current imaging modalities for IBC diagnosis and proposed a computer-aided diagnosis system using bilateral mammograms for early and improved diagnosis. The National Institute of Cancer in Egypt provided the image dataset consisting of IBC and non-IBC cancer cases. Type 1 and Type 2 fuzzy logic classifiers use the IBC markers that the expert team identified and extracted carefully. As this research is a pioneering work in its field, we focused on breast skin thickening, its percentage, the level of nipple retraction, bilateral breast density asymmetry, and the ratio of the breast density of both breasts in bilateral digital mammogram images. Granulomatous mastitis cases are not included in the dataset. The system’s performance is evaluated according to the accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score, and area under the curve. The system achieved accuracy in the range of 92.3–100%.