Impact of Strategic Human Resource Training and Development in the Performance of Local Authorities: A Systematic Review

Local government authorities (LGAs) are the nearest arm of government to the people, yet many can hardly provide the essential services effectively. Strategic human resource training and development (HRTD) has the potential to increase performance and capacity of LGAs, but remains limited across regions. A systematic search (2015 - 2025) identified 487 records; after screening 42 studies were included. These studies covered diverse local government contexts, with Africa contributing the largest share (Uganda, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and Ghana), Asia adding cases from Nepal, India and Pakistan, and smaller but useful samples from Latin America and Oceania. In terms of method, 42 studies (52%) used quantitative approaches, 12 (29%) qualitative and 8 (19%) mixed methods, with sample sizes ranging from 35 to 1 240 respondents. Narrative synthesis and thematic analysis showed consistent findings across Africa, Asia and Europe that organised training programmes enhance staff performance, service provision and corporate responsibility in LGAs. Common approaches include coaching, mentoring and competency-based training. Key variables that moderate the relationship between training and performance include leadership commitment, sufficient funding and a systematic training needs assessment. The review concludes that strategic HRTD is a powerful force behind local authority performance, though its success depends on organisational circumstances. Policy implications include institutionalising needs-based training, strengthening leadership development, and improving evaluation systems. Future studies should focus on longitudinal designs and economic assessment of return on HRTD investment.