IMPROVING ASTHMA MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN CHILDREN: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND HEALTHCARE IMPLICATIONS

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases affecting children and adults worldwide, with a particularly high burden among children. Historically regarded as a psychosomatic disorder, current evidence recognizes asthma as a multifactorial condition resulting from complex interactions among genetic, immunological, environmental, and psychological factors. In Nigeria, the prevalence of asthma among children is estimated at approximately 18.4%, with major risk factors including a family history of asthma, allergies, environmental pollution, and tobacco smoke exposure. Despite advances in medical care, asthma remains incurable, making effective disease management essential for reducing morbidity and mortality. Psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, and behavioral disorders have also been associated with poor asthma control and increased disease severity, particularly among children. Globally, asthma affects an estimated 300 million people, with projections indicating a substantial increase in prevalence over time. This review highlights the epidemiology, risk factors, psychological dimensions, and management challenges of asthma in Nigeria, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, patient-centered approaches that integrate medical treatment, environmental control, and psychosocial support to improve health outcomes and quality of life