Improving Information and Support for Metastatic Breast Cancer in Nigeria

Background: Breast cancer is a global health problem of the 21 th century. In developing countries, it is the third most common cause of death after infectious, parasitic, and cardiovascular diseases. Experience of late stage cancer carries a high emotional burden, due to poor outcomes and lack of comprehensive care. Currently in Nigeria, most cancer patients are looked after almost solely by their primary clinical oncologists, with minimal psychological and social care. There is a great need to broaden the care to include the psychosocial component now, considered a priority in clinical practice guidelines worldwide. Aim: To assess distress levels and improve quality of life of metastatic breast cancer patients through a continued support group system and psychotherapy. Produce field-tested audio-visual community education, psychosocial support and advocacy materials aimed at improving early diagnosis and reducing breast cancer death. Methods: This is a mixed-methods design study including a prepost design and qualitative focus group discussions. The study will enroll all consecutive patients in advanced stages 3 and 4 of their illness who consent to be included in the study until the estimated sample size of about 100 for the given period of the study is attained. The knowledge and attitude questionnaires, quality of life instruments as well as the distress thermometer will be administered to the patients to ascertain both their levels at baseline presentation as well as identify those who may benefit from psychotherapy. The eligible (stage 3 and 4) patients will be exposed to group psychosocial supportive interventions for three months before reassessment of the baseline parameters to ascertain the value of these interventions for the patients. Breast cancer education tools will be developed during the group interactions and construct validated with nonbreast cancer patients in the community. Results from focus group discussions will be used to triangulate the findings from the other aspects of the study. Data will be analyzed both descriptively and inferentially. Results: Progress to date includes obtaining ethical committee approval for the study protocol with the registration number NHREC/05/01/2008a from the UI/UCH Joint Research Ethics Committee. The research nurses have been trained in distress assessment. Their sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes in regard of cancer, distress states, effects of the various psychological and social interventions on the patients and advocacy tools from the group therapy will be the products of this research. Conclusion: The results of this work will be used to advance cancer care and promote advocacy in the UCH and other similar cancer care settings in Nigeria and other developing countries.