As the Ethiopian government moves to increase enrolment in preschool education from 34 per cent in 2013/14 to 80 per cent by 2020, this working paper provides some country-specific evidence on the predictors of preschool attendance and its association to attainment in Ethiopia. The paper also examines the association between preschool education and children’s attainment, while controlling for a rich array of child-, household- and primary school-level characteristics and variations between communities.