Mozambique faces significant challenges in health information management due to the coexistence of multiple disconnected systems, compromising service efficiency and evidence-based decision-making. Objective: To analyze Health Information Systems in Mozambique, highlighting their fragmentation, integration experiences, and gaps for future interventions. Methodology: Systematic review based on the PRISMA protocol, consulting PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, MISAU documents, and international organization reports. Empirical studies and technical documents (2010-2024) on HIS in Mozambique were included and analyzed through thematic synthesis. Results: Identified 13 vertical and 14 horizontal systems operating simultaneously. Fragmentation causes professional overload (40% of time spent on registration), data duplication (42% between tuberculosis/HIV), and annual costs of USD 20 million. Pilot experiences in Sofala reduced registration time by 35% and improved completeness by 20%. Main barriers: organizational, technical, and human resource deficits. Final Considerations: Fragmentation compromises efficiency and evidence-based decisions. It is necessary to develop integration policies, harmonized protocols, and capacity building. Gaps persist in the literature regarding impacts on service quality and analyses.