This study examines the influence of inventory management practices on the performance of
manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Nigeria. Adopting a positivist philosophy
and cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 278 manufacturing MSEs across five
industrial clusters in Nigeria (Lagos, Kano, Kaduna, Enugu, and Ogun State). Confirmatory
Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were used for data analysis. Results indicate
that all four inventory management practices significantly influence enterprise performance.
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) (0.294), Just-in-Time (JIT) (0.267), Vendor Managed Inventory
(VMI) (0.231), and ABC Analysis (0.218). Collectively, these practices explain 25.8% of the
variance in enterprise performance. The findings suggest that manufacturing MSEs can improve
performance by adopting systematic inventory management practices, particularly EOQ, while
strengthening supplier collaboration and inventory control. This study contributes to the literature
by conceptualizing inventory management as a multidimensional organizational capability and
testing its influence on MSE performance within Nigeria's challenging business environment,
integrating Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capability Theory, Theory of Constraints, and Lean
Theory.