Investigation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Enset Pseudo-stems and Corms to Support Effective Machine Design

Abstract Purpose Enset (Ensete ventricosum) is a vital food security crop in Ethiopia; however, its processing remains labor-intensive, time-consuming, and predominantly manual. The lack of scientific information on the physical and mechanical properties of Enset pseudo-stems and corms has limited the development of efficient processing equipment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the engineering properties required for the design and optimization of Enset processing machines. Method Samples from three to five commonly cultivated Enset varieties were collected at full maturity, including pseudo-stem sheaths and corm sections. Physical properties, including moisture content, density, dimensions, and fiber structure, were measured according to ASABE and ASTM standards. Mechanical properties such as shear strength, compressive strength, tensile behavior, cutting force, and frictional characteristics were evaluated using universal testing machines, texture analyzers, and shear rigs. The experimental data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression modeling to determine varietal differences and establish relationships between material properties and engineering design requirements. Key machine design parameters, including blade force, torque, clearance, drum speed (RPM), and energy consumption, were also determined experimentally. Results The study generated a comprehensive database of the physical and mechanical properties of Enset pseudo-stems and corms. Engineering design charts, empirical equations, and technical recommendations for optimizing decorticators, graters, and squeezing mechanisms were developed. These results provide critical design inputs for selecting machine components and operating parameters. Effectiveness The findings provide an engineering foundation for the mechanization of Enset processing by supplying evidence-based design parameters that can reduce labor requirements, improve processing efficiency, lower energy consumption, and enhance product quality. The developed engineering framework supports the design of reliable and optimized Enset post-harvest processing technologies, contributing to improved food security and agricultural mechanization in Ethiopia.