IoT-Enabled Framework for Monitoring University Building Performance in Southeast Nigeria

This study aims to develop and assess an adaptable Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled monitoring (IeM) framework to improve theperformance of university buildings in Southeast Nigeria. It addresses persistent challenges of suboptimal indoor environmental quality(IEQ), inefficient energy use, and spiking maintenance costs associated with traditional facility management approaches. The study adopteda mixed-method design science research approach, integrating energy simulations, predictive maintenance (PM) modeling, and expertvalidation through the Delphi technique. Outcomes highlight the significance of the IoT-enabled framework in enhancing buildingperformance. Energy simulations indicate a reduction in mean Energy Use Intensity (EUI) from 196kWh/m2/year to 158kWh/m2/year. Thisrepresents an average energy savings of 21.06%. A 31% overall IEQ improvement indicated optimized comfort levels in temperature,relative humidity (RH), and CO2. PM modeling showed a 25% reduction in operating costs and a 27% increase in equipment lifespan. Thesignificance of such improvements was confirmed by statistical analyses (p<0.05). Conclusions are informed by the fact that IoT-enabledmonitoring frameworks are scalable, feasible, and efficient in transitioning maintenance protocols for university facilities from reactive todata-driven management systems. This route enhances sustainability, operational efficiency, and overall user comfort.