IoT Framework for Early Fire Detection and Control in Public Large Buildings: A Review

Fire destruction in large public and private buildings, particularly in markets, public offices, education, and industries, has devastated properties, costing millions while taking people’s lives. Fire destruction also extends to environmental degradation. Complete fire prevention is unattainable. However, an effort could be made to early fire detection and control to lessen the tragedy. There are several technologies for real-time fire detection, like heat detection, gas detection, flame detection, and smoke detection. A maximal mix of fire-detecting algorithms should be utilized to maximize accuracy and eliminate false fire confirmation. This research paper presents an early fire detection and control framework for large public and private buildings that utilizes the available fire detection technologies reviewed from various pieces of literature. In justification of the framework adaptability, the research paper examined the current state of firefighting infrastructures in large and private buildings. The review was based on ten (10) large public and private buildings. The buildings were divided into four strata (business center's, public offices, education and industries). In addition, information from the Fire and Rescue Force (Mbeya Office) was used to further envision the possibility of the framework adaptation. Generally, effort should be made to ensure old and new large public and private buildings have well-functioning firefighting infrastructures as stipulated in policies and laws for public safety. Furthermore, slight infrastructure improvement is required, particularly in sustainable power supply, internet connectivity, and automatic fire detection and alarm systems, to adapt the presented early fire detection and control framework smoothly.