Abstract This paper analyses the importance of human and social capital for entrepreneurial success, using survey data of 459 urban entrepreneurs in Luanda, Angola. The paper offers four main findings: (i) an added year of schooling significantly increases entrepreneurial profits; (ii) different family background variables are associated with the educational attainment of men and women, indicating that educational attainment is gendered; (iii) profits are substantially lower for entrepreneurs suffering from chronic illness; and (iv) entrepreneurs who know a local police officer have higher profits, suggesting that specific forms of networks are related to entrepreneurial success. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.