Thiam Ndiassé - The sociolinguistic variation of the mixed Wolof-French code in Dakar: a first approach.
The author studies the effects of the form of intraphrastic mixture between French and Wolof in the urban mixed code of speakers in Dakar. He shows that there is consolidated borrowing, nonce borrowing and code swithing. The most productive social category for mixed forms is the schooled middle class, with unschooled men of the lower class coming a close second. Such language behavior stabilizes as of adolescence, and diminishes after age 40. These data, and the prevalence on nonce borrowing, show that the appropriation of French takes place within the vernacularization of mixed langaguage practices by the most active part of the population.