The proliferation of cryptocurrency markets in Nigeria presents a complex challenge for national security. It
offers new avenues for terrorist organizations to obscure financial transactions. Traditional regulatory and
financial surveillance methods are ill-equipped to analyze the pseudo-anonymous, high-volume, and non-linear transaction graphs inherent in blockchain economies. This pioneering study proposes a novel AI-driven
framework to assess terrorism financing (TF) risks. The study utilized Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to model the Nigerian cryptocurrency transaction landscape, mapping flow patterns and identifying latent network
structures. Superimposed on this graph, an ensemble of unsupervised anomaly detection models, including
Isolation Forests and Autoencoders, is deployed to flag high-risk transaction clusters and behavioral outliers.
Our research pioneers a method to move beyond simplistic transaction monitoring to a holistic network-level
risk assessment. The findings demonstrate AI’s capacity to deconstruct emerging TF typologies in real-time,
offering a paradigm shift from reactive compliance to proactive intelligence-led disruption. We conclude by
critically evaluating this AI framework against the nascent regulatory responses in Nigeria, proposing a synergistic model where adaptive AI tools can inform and future-proof financial policy.