<b>Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in Irrigation Water Obtained From Aliero and Jega, Kebbi State, Nigeria</b>
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healthcareType de record:
paper
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BasBasAbuSan
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Pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria can spread through the food chain via contaminated irrigation water and are a serious public health concern. There is a limited study on the antimicrobial resistance of irrigation water in Jega and Aliero Local Government Areas, Kebbi State, Nigeria. This study aimed to isolate and identify biochemical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis from irrigation water samples. A total of 41 isolates were identified from water obtained from the two LGAs using standard biochemical methods, including Gram staining, indole, citrate, Methyl red-Voges Proskauer (MR-VP), catalase, motility, oxidase, and coagulase tests. The CLSI disk diffusion method was used to test all 23 confirmed S. aureusand18S. epidermidis strains for their resistance to six antibiotics from different classes. All isolates were Gram-positive, catalase positive, oxidase positive, non motile and indole negative. Citrate utilization and coagulase activity were used as the major criteria for species differentiation, and 23 (56.1%) were identified as S. aureus and 18 (43.9%) as S. epidermidis. There was high antimicrobial resistance in the S. aureus isolates with 100% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid followed by levofloxacin (82.61%), azithromycin (78.26%), gentamicin (52.17%), pefloxacin (43.48%) and ciprofloxacin (86.96%). The results highlight the presence of antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcal spp. that can lead to contamination of fresh produce and human exposure. To mitigate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and safeguard public health, continuous monitoring of irrigation water quality is essential. In addition, the implementation of effective antibiotic stewardship programs and the adoption of efficient treatment strategies for agricultural irrigation water and wastewater are critical to minimizing the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance within agricultural ecosystems.
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