

Map of Màndén, the Ghana and Mali empires, and Jùlá trade network. Includes original color and an adapted black and white version.
Originally appeared in the following:
Donaldson, Coleman. 2017. “Clear Language: Script, Register and the N’ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa.” Doctoral Dissertation, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA. https://repository.upenn.ed….
Created with data from the following sources:
Dalby, David. 1971. “Introduction: Distribution and Nomenclature of the Manding People and Their Language.” In Papers on the Manding, edited by Carleton Hodge, 3:1–13. African Series. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Publications.
Launay, Robert. 1983. Traders Without Trade: Responses to Change in Two Dyula Communities. Cambridge University Press.
Simonis, Francis. 2010. L’Afrique soudanaise au Moyen âge: le temps des grands empires (Ghana, Mali, Songhaï). Marseille: CRDP de l’académie d’Aix-Marseille.
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