Max Gluckman

Max (Herman) Gluckman (b. 1911–d. 1975) was a South African who became a pathbreaking British social anthropologist. In his studies of South and Central African societies he realized how deeply the colonial regimes and the global economy affected every aspect of peoples’ lives. As director of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute in Northern Rhodesia and later as professor of social anthropology at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom, he made long-term plans to study this modernity in urbanization, industrialization, and labor migration. While seeking to implement the research programs according to plan, he never prevented his colleagues and students from following their own inclinations and ideas. In the 1950s and 1960s the Manchester department assimilated and contributed to a constant flow of innovative ideas, such as the social field, social networks, the extended case study, and the analysis of social situations. It also engaged in several new areas and fields of study, such as rural and urban communities and industrial organizations in England and Wales, and the adaptation of new immigrants to various social formations in Israel. The lively and sometimes even aggressive propagation of the new ideas of the Manchester network induced anthropologists in other departments to refer, jokingly at first, to a Manchester School of Anthropology. Discussions about whether such a school ever existed continue to this day.