This ethnobotanical survey, conducted in the western Algerian provinces of Chlef, Relizane, and Mascara, aimed to document medicinal plants used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. A total of 492 individuals participated, and their socio-demographic characteristics and plant use practices were analyzed. In total, 38 plant species belonging to 17 botanical families were recorded. The most represented families were Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae, Zingiberaceae, Verbenaceae, and Amaryllidaceae. The most frequently cited species included Citrus limonL., Eucalyptusspp., Syzygium aromaticumL., and Thymusspp. These species are known for phytochemical compounds with potential beneficial effects on the respiratory system. The results highlight the role of traditional medicine during health crises and emphasize the need for further pharmacological and clinical studies to validate the efficacy and safety of these medicinal plants.