Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences Model for Risk Reduction Assessment

The evaluation of district hospitals' systems is crucial for improving healthcare outcomes in Ghana, particularly focusing on reducing patient risk levels. A Difference-in-Differences (DiD) econometric model will be applied to analyse changes in patient risk levels before and after implementing specific interventions at selected hospitals. The DiD model compares treated versus control groups within districts over time, accounting for potential confounders. The application of the DiD model revealed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in overall patient risks by 15% across participating district hospitals after the intervention period. This study confirms that the DiD approach is effective for evaluating risk reduction strategies within Ghanaian district hospital systems. Further research should explore scalability and cost-effectiveness of these findings, with a focus on replicating this methodology in other regions. Risk Reduction, Difference-in-Differences (DiD), District Hospitals, Healthcare Systems Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.