Methodological Evaluation of Urban Primary Care Networks in Ghana Using Quasi-Experimental Design for Clinical Outcomes Measurement

Urban primary care networks (UPCNs) in Ghana aim to improve healthcare access and outcomes for underserved populations. However, their effectiveness has not been systematically evaluated. UPCNs were operationalized based on standardised criteria. A quasi-experimental design was employed, including pre- and post-intervention data collection. Outcome measures included patient satisfaction scores (range: 0-10). Patient satisfaction scores showed a statistically significant increase of 5% with a 95% confidence interval. This quasi-experimental design provided robust evidence for the effectiveness of urban primary care networks in improving clinical outcomes. Further studies should explore the long-term sustainability and scalability of these systems. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.