Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic growth of developing countries. Smallholder agriculture has been known to be critical in the creation of employment and improving food security. However, smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa is defined by a low production level which has been coupled to the lack and availability of finance. Sustainable agricultural practices are imperative to attain better agricultural productivity and food security status of smallholder farms in Sub-Saharan Africa. This systematic review will collate, analyze and synthesize evidence on microcredit and sustainable agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of pathways, trade-offs and evidence gaps. The findings will inform policy decisions, guide investment in sustainable agriculture and will be used as a guide for future research.