Тема вÑпÑÑкной квалиÑикаÑионной ÑабоÑÑ: «СовÑеменнÑе ÑиÑÑовÑе акÑивÑ: меÑÑо, ÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð´Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑовÑÑ
ÐалÑÑ Ð¦ÐµÐ½ÑÑалÑнÑÑ
Ðанков». ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑабоÑа поÑвÑÑена иÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑовÑÑ
ÐалÑÑ Ð¦ÐµÐ½ÑÑалÑнÑÑ
Ðанков (ЦÐЦÐ) как ÑиÑÑового ÑинанÑового акÑива, обÑединÑÑÑего в Ñебе пÑеимÑÑеÑÑва ÑовÑеменнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑовÑÑ
и ÑинанÑовÑÑ
ÑеÑ
нологий, но в Ñо же вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑоÑ
ÑанÑÑÑего ÑÑвеÑениÑÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва пÑи вÑпÑÑке и конÑÑоле денежного обÑаÑениÑ, а Ñакже ÑазÑабоÑке коÑÑелÑÑионнÑÑ
моделей поÑенÑиала наÑионалÑнÑÑ
Ñкономик к внедÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦ÐЦÐ. Ð Ñ
оде иÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñли ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑледÑÑÑие задаÑи: 1. ÐÑоанализиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑедпоÑÑлки поÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑиÑÑовÑÑ
акÑивов. 2. ÐзÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑобенноÑÑи и ÑиÑки кÑипÑовалÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÑейблкоинов. 3.  ÐзÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñе имена как ÑовÑеменнÑй инвеÑÑиÑионнÑй инÑÑÑÑменÑ. 4.  ÐÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑенденÑии внедÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑовÑÑ
ÐалÑÑ Ð¦ÐµÐ½ÑÑалÑнÑÑ
Ðанков. 5.  РаÑÑмоÑÑен миÑовой опÑÑ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦ÐЦÐ. 6.  ÐÑоанализиÑован ЦиÑÑовой ÑÑÐ±Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑÑеÑÑÑ ÑоÑма денежной единиÑÑ. 7. ÐÑоведена оÑенка гоÑовноÑÑи ÑÑаÑÑников ÑоÑÑийÑкого ÑÑнка к внедÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑового ÑÑблÑ. 8. ÐÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦ÐЦРи опÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÑÑие пеÑеменнÑе. 9. ÐоÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÑелÑÑионнÑе модели поÑенÑиала наÑионалÑнÑÑ
Ñкономик Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑовÑÑ
ÐалÑÑ Ð¦ÐµÐ½ÑÑалÑнÑÑ
Ðанков. 10. ÐÑенен поÑенÑиал заÑÑбежной и ÑоÑÑийÑкой Ñкономик Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦ÐЦÐ. ÐиÑÑеÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð²Ñполнена на оÑнове обÑедоÑÑÑпнÑÑ
оÑÑеÑов и маÑеÑиалов Ðанка РоÑÑии, оÑиÑиалÑнÑÑ
заÑвлений пÑедÑÑавиÑелей Ðанка РоÑÑии, наÑÑнÑÑ
ÑÑаÑей и иÑÑледований, поÑвÑÑеннÑÑ
ÑиÑÑовÑм акÑивам. Ðнализ пÑоводилÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑиÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
меÑодов двÑмеÑной коÑÑелÑÑии ÐиÑÑона, Ñанговой коÑÑелÑÑии СпиÑмена и Ñанговой коÑÑелÑÑии Ðендалла Ñ Ð¸ÑполÑзованием ÑзÑка пÑогÑаммиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Python. ÐÑÑледование ÑаÑкÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑоÑеÑÑ, лежаÑий в оÑнове блокÑейн-ÑÑанзакÑий, и оÑновнÑе ÑиÑки кÑипÑовалÑÑ, Ñакие как вÑÑÐ¾ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð°ÑилÑноÑÑÑ, анонимноÑÑÑ ÑÑанзакÑий, ÑпоÑобÑÑвÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ деÑÑелÑноÑÑи, ÑгÑоза благоÑоÑÑоÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ñаждан и ÑинанÑовой ÑÑабилÑноÑÑи Ñкономики. Также бÑли пÑоанализиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑобенноÑÑи ÑÑейблкоинов и ÑпеÑиÑика инвеÑÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² доменнÑе имена. ÐнедÑение ЦÐЦРпоÑенÑиалÑно обеÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑиÑелÑно измениÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑежнÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑаÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº на внÑÑÑеннем, Ñак и на междÑнаÑодном ÑÑовнÑÑ
. ÐÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделÑем ЦиÑÑовÑе ÐалÑÑÑ Ð¦ÐµÐ½ÑÑалÑнÑÑ
Ðанков как ÑоÑÐ¼Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ единиÑÑ, вÑпÑÑеннÑÑ ÑенÑÑалÑнÑм банком в ÑиÑÑовом виде, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ´Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑнÑми и безналиÑнÑми денÑгами, вÑполнÑÑ Ð²Ñе ÑÑнкÑии денег и ÑвлÑÑÑÑ ÑквиваленÑной вÑем ÑÑем ÑоÑмам одной и Ñой же валÑÑÑ. С одной ÑÑоÑонÑ, ÑÑо Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑоÑма денег, Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой ÑÑоÑонÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑбÑÑиÑÑÑ ÑÑадиÑионнÑм ÑиаÑнÑм денÑгам. Ð Ñ
оде иÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñли вÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ 14 оÑновнÑÑ
Ñ
аÑакÑеÑиÑÑик ЦÐЦÐ. Ðа ÑоÑÑийÑком ÑÑнке вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²ÑпÑÑка ЦиÑÑового Ð ÑÐ±Ð»Ñ ÑÑановиÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñобенно акÑÑалÑнÑм, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ñного ÑоÑгового обоÑоÑа в обÑиÑ
поÑÑебиÑелÑÑкиÑ
ÑаÑÑ
одаÑ
поÑÑоÑнно ÑаÑÑеÑ. Ðа даннÑй Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑазÑабоÑка ЦиÑÑового Ð ÑÐ±Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ
одиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑадии ÑеÑÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñ 12 ÑоÑÑийÑкими банками. ТеÑÑиÑование ЦиÑÑового Ð ÑÐ±Ð»Ñ Ð² ÑеалÑнÑÑ
опеÑаÑиÑÑ
и на клиенÑаÑ
банков запланиÑовано на 2023 год. Ð Ñ
оде иÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñли вÑÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑновнÑе ÑакÑоÑÑ, по коÑоÑÑм можно оÑениÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑовноÑÑи бизнеÑа и гÑаждан к внедÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑового ÑÑблÑ, в ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвии Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑми можно пÑизнаÑÑ, ÑÑо в РоÑÑии ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð²ÑÑокий поÑенÑиал Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑионнÑÑ
ÑинанÑовÑÑ
ÑеÑ
нологий. СÑаÑиÑÑиÑеÑкие ÑаÑÑеÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸, ÑÑо ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ 6 ÑÑÑан в ÐвÑопе, 4 ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð² ÐмеÑике, 7 ÑÑÑан в Ðзии и 10 ÑÑÑан в ÐÑÑике, коÑоÑÑе обладаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð²ÑÑÑим поÑенÑиалом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑовÑÑ
ÐалÑÑ Ð¦ÐµÐ½ÑÑалÑного Ðанка, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¸Ñ
ÑоÑиалÑно-ÑкономиÑеÑкие показаÑели в болÑÑей ÑÑепени коÑÑелиÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°ÑелÑми ÐагамÑкиÑ
оÑÑÑовов, ÐигеÑии и ÐиÑаÑ, коÑоÑÑе Ñже внедÑили ЦÐЦРили знаÑиÑелÑно пÑодвинÑлиÑÑ Ð² ÑеÑÑиÑовании пÑоекÑов и ÑлÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ ÑÑалоном Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑовÑÑ
ÐалÑÑ Ð¦ÐµÐ½ÑÑалÑнÑÑ
Ðанков. ÐбоÑновано, ÑÑо в РоÑÑийÑкой ФедеÑаÑии необÑ
одима оÑмоÑÑиÑелÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑоÑиалÑно-ÑкономиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñика по внедÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¦Ð¸ÑÑового ÑÑблÑ. The subject of the thesis is âModern digital assets: the place, role, and trends of Central Bank Digital Currenciesâ. The given work is devoted to analyzing Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) as a digital asset designed to leverage advantages of modern digital and financial technologies, while preserving the sovereignty of the state when issuing and controlling money circulation, and to developing methodology of detection of potential countries for the Central Bank Digital Currencies launch.The research set the following tasks: 1. Analyze the prerequisites for the emergence of digital assets. 2. Study the features and risks of cryptocurrencies and stablecoins. 3. Explore the domain names as a modern investment tool. 4. Reveal trends in the introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies. 5. Examine the world experience in the introduction of CBDC. 6. Consider the Digital ruble as the third form of monetary unit.7. Conduct the assessment of the readiness of the Russian market participants for the introduction of the Digital Ruble. 8. Analyze the motives for the introduction of a CBDC and determine the relevant variables. 9. Construct the correlation models of the potential of national economies for the implementation of the Central Bank Digital Currencies. 10. Assess the potential of foreign and Russian economies for the implementation of the Central Bank Digital Currencies. The dissertation was carried out based on publicly available reports and materials of the Bank of Russia, official statements of representatives of the Bank of Russia, scientific articles, and researches on digital assets. The analysis was conducted by the Bivariate correlation statistical methods of the Pearson correlation, the Spearman-rank correlation, and Kendall-rank correlation via Python programming language. The research reveals the process underlying blockchain transactions and the main risks of cryptocurrencies such as high volatility, anonymity of transactions contributing to the development of illegal activities, a threat to the welfare of citizens and the financial stability of the economy. Features of stablecoins and the specifics of investing in domain names were also analyzed. At the same time, the introduction of CBDCs potentially promises to significantly reshape payment infrastructure at both the domestic and international levels.We define a Central Bank Digital Currency as central bank money in a digital form that will be used along with cash and non-cash money, performing all the functions of money and being equivalent to all three forms of the same currency. That is, on the one hand, it is a new form of money, on the other hand, it is a substitute for traditional fiat money. During the research 14 core features of CBDCs have been identified, covering the CBDC instrument, the underlying system, and the broader institutional framework in which they exist. On the Russian market the question of issuing a digital ruble becomes particularly relevant as the share of non-cash trade turnover in total consumer spending is constantly growing. At the moment, the development of the digital ruble is at the testing stage with 12 local banks. Testing of the Digital Ruble in real operations and on bank customers is planned in 2023. In the course of the research, the authors identified the main factors that can assess the degree of readiness of businesses and citizens to implement digital ruble, according to which it can be recognized that there is a high potential for the adoption of innovative financial technologies in Russia. Statistical calculations have revealed that there are 6 countries in Europe, 4 countries in America, 7 countries in Asia, and 10 countries in Africa that have the higher potential for the introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies, since their socio-economic indicators are more correlated with those of the Bahamas, Nigeria, and China, which have already implemented the CBDCs or have become significantly advanced in testing projects and serve as a benchmark for the introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies. In addition, it is justified that a prudent socio-economic policy on the introduction of the Digital Ruble is needed in the Russian Federation.