Morphological Characterization and Establishment of a DNA Biobank for Fantasia Horse Breeds (Equus caballus) in Algeria

Equine genetic resources in Algeria are integral to the nation’s cultural and economic heritage, particularly the Barbe and Arabe-Barbe breeds essential in traditional and equestrian activities. However, uncontrolled crossbreeding and poor documentation threaten their genetic integrity. This study aimed to characterize the morphometric and genetic diversity of equines from three Algerian regions—Tlemcen, Sidi Bel Abbès, and Relizane—and to establish a DNA biobank for conservation. Morphometric analyses were conducted on 54 horses of various presumed origins, including both males and females over three years old. Twenty-six parameters, encompassing height, length, and circumferences, were measured using a hippometer and measuring tape. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering (HCA), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with RStudio and SPSS software. Blood and hair samples were collected to identify each horse’s origin and create a DNA biobank for future research. Results indicated significant regional variations, with Tlemcen horses showing the highest heights and robust builds, Sidi Bel Abbès horses exhibiting extended body lengths, and Relizane horses displaying lighter, agile morphologies. Sexual dimorphism was evident, and the Shannon-Weaver index highlighted substantial diversity among regions. This integrated approach provides critical insights into the phenotypic and genotypic variability of Algerian equines, underscoring the urgent need for sustainable management policies to preserve their biodiversity and ensure their long-term viability.