Multilevel Regression Analysis of Power-Distribution Equipment Adoption in Rwanda

Power-distribution equipment (PDE) adoption in Rwanda has been a subject of interest for improving rural electrification and reducing energy poverty. Multilevel logistic regression was employed to analyse data from a survey of over 1000 respondents in Rwanda. The model accounts for both household-level and village-level variations in PDE adoption. A significant proportion (35%) of surveyed households reported adopting PDE systems, with the likelihood increasing by 20% when villages had access to electricity infrastructure. The multilevel regression analysis revealed distinct patterns of PDE adoption at different levels, providing insights for policy and future research in rural electrification. Future studies should consider longitudinal data collection to track changes over time and incorporate additional socioeconomic variables. Power-Distribution Equipment Adoption, Multilevel Regression Analysis, Rural Electrification, Rwanda The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.