Obstacles to Internal Transport and Their Impact on Livestock Exports in Sudan

This study aimed to analyze the obstacles to internal transport and their impact on the efficiency and quality of livestock exports in Sudan by examining the current means of transporting livestock from production areas to collection centers, quarantines, and export ports, and by identifying the main challenges that limit the efficiency of these operations. The study adopted the descriptive analytical method, supported by inductive and deductive approaches, to trace the problems of internal transport and analyze their relationship with the quality, cost, transport time, and loss rates of livestock exports. The study addressed the geographical and economic dimensions of transport in Sudan, the current state of road, river, and rail transport, as well as the general and specific obstacles associated with livestock transport. The findings revealed that poor road infrastructure, high fuel, maintenance, and fee costs, the scarcity of specialized transport vehicles, the declining efficiency of railways and river transport, and weak logistical and veterinary services are major factors that negatively affect the quality of exported livestock and increase stress, mortality, and delays, thereby weakening the competitiveness of Sudanese exports in foreign markets. The study also concluded that road transport remains the most widely used mode under current conditions due to its flexibility and ability to reach production areas, while rail and river transport represent more economically efficient strategic options if rehabilitated. The study recommended developing national and rural road networks, modernizing livestock transport vehicles in accordance with health and veterinary requirements, rehabilitating rail and river transport, simplifying customs and administrative procedures, and strengthening coordination among transport, livestock, and port authorities in order to reduce losses, lower costs, and improve the quality of Sudanese livestock exports.