The open access movement came as a result of the rising cost of learning materials and the need for having publicly funded research or works available on the public domain. This is a movement which is in support of having educational learning resources freely available on the internet. Despite the intellectual properly issues surrounding use of learning resources, many institutions in Africa are adopting these digital learning resources. The chapter documents how the OER movement started, its advantages and disadvantages, copyright and licensing issues, models, and challenges in adopting OERs.