Operated genital fistulas in Yaoundé, Cameroon: clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes

Abstract Introduction. Female genital fistula remains a major cause of incontinence, stigma and disability in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of women operated on for genital fistula in two surgical centres in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Material and methods. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective and prospective data collection at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital and the Essos Medical-Surgical Centre. Women operated on for genital fistula between 2019 and 2020, living in Cameroon and consenting to participate, were included. Data were analysed using Epi Info 7.2.2.6 and reported as counts, percentages, medians and quartiles. Results. Fifty-four women were included ; the median age was 33 years (28–40). Fistula surgery represented 5.64% of operating-room activity at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Half of the women had no income-generating activity. Median parity was 2 (1–5). Obstetric aetiology was predominant (42/54 ; 77.78%). The median duration of living with fistula was 2 years (1–8). Rectovaginal fistulas accounted for 30/54 cases and vesicovaginal fistulas for 24/54 cases. Fistula closure was achieved in 49/54 women (90.74%), and 43/49 closures were continent (87.76%). No woman had received a psychological assessment. Conclusion. Surgical outcomes were satisfactory, but psychosocial and economic support remained insufficient. Integrated fistula care should combine timely surgery, prevention and structured reintegration support.