<p>Federated learning architecture for malaria prediction.</p>

Map base layer: Natural Earth 1:10m Admin 1 cultural vectors, public domain (https://www.naturalearthdat…). Regional colour coding, network overlay, and icons by the authors. Leftward arrows indicate global model broadcast from server to nodes; rightward arrows indicate model weight upload from nodes to server. No raw data is shared between nodes or with the server. Medical record and lock icons: Flaticon.com.