Pauline Speech Ethics in Nigeria's Digital Public Sphere: An Exegetical Reading of Ephesians 4 on Hate speech and Trolling

 This study examines how the ethical instructions of Ephesians 4:3, 26, 29, and 32 can inform Christian responses to hate speech and trolling in Nigerian social media. It addresses the limited engagement between New Testament ethics and scholarship on digital communication in Nigeria by interpreting Pauline teachings on peace, anger, speech, and reconciliation within a contemporary digital context. Methodology: The study employs a qualitative library research design using historical-critical exegesis. The primary textual data consist of Ephesians 4:3, 26, 29, and 32 in the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (28th ed.). The analysis integrates textual, grammatical, lexical, literary, and socio- historical examination of the selected passages, supported by major exegetical commentaries, Greek lexicons, and peer-reviewed scholarship on hate speech, trolling, and digital communication in Nigeria. The exegetical findings are subsequently related to contemporary digital speech through principle normative application. Findings: The analysis identifies four interrelated Pauline principles. Ephesians 4:3 frames peacemaking as an intentional and sustained communal responsibility; Ephesians 4:26 acknowledges anger while imposing ethical limits on its escalation and duration; Ephesians 4:29 rejects logos sapros (“corrupt” or “harmful speech”) and replaces it with speech oriented toward oikodomē (“edification”); and Ephesians 4:32 presents kindness, compassion, and gracious forgiveness as practices of reconciliation. Together, these principles offer a coherent ethical framework for evaluating forms of online communication characterised by hostility, provocation, degradation, and prolonged conflict. Implications: The findings suggest that Pauline speech ethics can provide a theological resource for Christian digital literacy, pastoral formation, and constructive online engagement in Nigeria. The framework complements socio-legal and computational approaches by foregrounding moral responsibility, relational repair, and the effects of speech on communities. As a normative exegetical study, however, it does not establish the actual behavioural effects of these principles on social media users. Originality: This study contributes to New Testament ethics and digital religion scholarship by systematically relating Ephesians 4 to contemporary hate speech and trolling in the Nigerian digital public sphere. It extends Pauline ethical interpretation beyond ecclesial communication to the field of digital media ethics and provides an African-contextual application of biblical speech ethics.