Performance Analysis of Solar Tracking Systems in Nigeria for Efficient Power Supply: Modelling and Simulation with PID and Fuzzy Logic Controller

Nigeria's frequent power outages highlight the need to find efficient ways to use renewable energy. In order to evaluate the performance of solar tracking systems in comparison to fixed-axis photovoltaic (PV) arrays under Nigerian irradiance conditions, this study models and simulates them using Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) in MATLAB/Simulink. The findings indicate that PID-based two-axis tracking could produce 15.05A and 73.40V, whereas fixed- axis PV systems could only produce 7.39A and 46.55V at most. The FLC-using tracker consistently outperformed the other two. It operated better in the morning and at night when the sun was not as bright, and it received 22.32A and 109.93V at noon. The findings imply that because fuzzy logic control can better adjust to variations in irradiance, it is the better option for increasing solar energy capture. Using two-axis trackers based on FLC is the simplest way to maximise the performance of solar panels and boost the amount of renewable energy in Nigeria.