This dataset contains quantitative survey data collected as part of the study titled “Practice Patterns, Determinants, and Outcomes of Utilising Artificial Intelligence Tools for Developing Research Documents by Postgraduate Students in Health Science Institutes in South Karnataka, India.” The study investigates the frequency, patterns, determinants, and perceived outcomes of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in the development of academic and research documents among postgraduate students at health science institutes in Mangalore, South Karnataka, India. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected via online questionnaires distributed through voluntary response and snowball sampling across academic and social media networks. The dataset includes variables related to demographic characteristics, types and frequency of AI tool usage, perceived usefulness, ease of use, accessibility, institutional and peer influences, ethical awareness, and students’ perceptions regarding the impact of AI-assisted writing on academic performance, writing quality, research skill development, plagiarism risk, dependency, and ethical understanding. The dataset may be useful for researchers, educators, policymakers, and institutions interested in AI adoption in higher education, digital literacy, ethical AI use, academic integrity, and research training practices in Low- and Middle-Income Country contexts.