Prospects for professionalizing civil-military relations as a catalyst for sustainable peace and stability in South Sudan

This paper explores the potential for professionalizing civil-military relations to promote sustainable peace and stability in South Sudan. Using a qualitative cross-sectional survey method, data were collected through structured interviews with key stakeholders and a thorough documentary analysis of relevant peace agreements, policies, and institutional reports. The findings highlight several promising opportunities for advancing this goal. Notably, there is broad recognition among stakeholders of the need for reform within civil-military relations, driven by the peace agreement provisions and the evolving security landscape. The study also emphasizes the potential of Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) frameworks to enhance coordination and trust between civilian and military entities. Among civilian actors, the coexistence model, in which civilians and military personnel operate separately yet coexist, is most prevalent. However, the analysis indicates that adopting more comprehensive, integrated approaches could yield greater benefits for long-term peace. The paper argues that professionalization of civil-military relations is both necessary and achievable, provided it follows a phased strategy. This approach should be rooted in building national consensus, ensuring inclusive dialogue among all stakeholders to foster shared understanding and commitment. Concurrent reforms should be implemented across institutional, legal, and educational domains, including the development of professional military education systems. Such measures are essential to cultivating a culture of professionalism and accountability within the military, which, in turn, can strengthen civilian oversight and democratic governance. Overall, the study concludes that a carefully planned, phased process anchored in consensus-building and supported by institutional reforms can effectively promote the professionalization of civil-military relations, contributing significantly to lasting peace and stability in South Sudan. Keywords: Civil-Military Relations, Professionalization, Sustainable Peace, Security Sector Reform, South Sudan.