QuaSR: Quality-Aware Sample Reweighting for Pacific Indigenous Speech Recognition

Training automatic speech recognition (ASR) models for low-resource languages is challenging due to limited data and highly variable supervision quality. In particular, Pacific Indigenous speech corpora often exhibit heterogeneous acoustic conditions, transcript inconsistencies, and varying degrees of acoustic-text alignment reliability, making standard fine-tuning approaches sensitive to noisy or misleading supervision signals. In this work, we propose QuaSR, a simple yet effective weighting framework that combines data-side reliability with model-side learnability to improve ASR adaptation. Specifically, we estimate data reliability from acoustic, transcription, and alignment, while measuring learnability using training loss from the model. These two complementary signals are integrated into a unified sample utility score to produce training weights for the samples. We also evaluated across four Pacific Indigenous languages, which shows that the proposed utility scores reliably correlate with adaptation performance. Furthermore, QuaSR consistently improves ASR adaptation over standard fine-tuning and alternative data selection strategies, highlighting a new way to leverage difficulty scores for low-resource speech learning. 6 pages, under peer review