This chapter reports on a study which aimed to raise teachers’ awareness of learner autonomy and to investigate affordances for autonomy in a Malagasy context. The study involved an ethnographic approach with four EFL teachers working in a rural Malagasy school. As Dam (2019) states, in order to develop learner autonomy in the classroom, we must consider and build on the learners’ prior knowledge. This also applies when encouraging teachers to promote learner autonomy. The study demonstrated that understanding the teachers’ existing beliefs and practices related to teaching is crucial when fostering learner autonomy in a context like Madagascar. Also, it showed that the use of the ethnographic approach was effective in triggering the teachers’ reflections and in making them more aware of possible aspects of learner autonomy that can be integrated into their classes.