Resilient Submarine Fibre Optic Cable Landing Architectures for Broadband Expansion in Emerging Digital Economies

Abstract - Broadband access has become a key driver of economic growth and social development worldwide, yet Nigeria continues to lag behind in achieving widespread, highspeed connectivity [16]. Over the years, several high capacity submarine fibre optic cables have landed on the country's shores, bringing in vast amounts of international bandwidth [3][4]. However, this progress has not fully translated into improved broadband access for much of the population. This study explores the underlying reasons for this gap, focusing on challenges such as limited distribution of landing infrastructure, high deployment costs, regulatory constraints, and weak inland connectivity. A major concern is the concentration of submarine cable landing points in a small number of locations, which limits network resilience and contributes to uneven access across regions [5][6]. In response, the research proposes a more distributed approach, where multiple coastal states serve as additional entry points for submarine cables. This strategy aims to improve redundancy, expand access, and make broadband delivery more efficient and affordable. By addressing both infrastructure and policy related issues, the study offers practical insights for strengthening Nigeria's broadband ecosystem and ensuring that existing investments deliver broader national benefits [7].