This book brings together interdisciplinary studies that address critical challenges and opportunities within agricultural development, food systems, and rural livelihoods, particularly in developing economies. The chapters collectively emphasize the role of policy, finance, innovation, and technology in enhancing food security, reducing losses, and promoting sustainable economic growth. The chapter Rural–Urban Migration and Its Implications for Agricultural Development: Evidence, Policy Responses, and Innovation Pathways in Nigeria examines demographic shifts and their effects on agricultural productivity and rural economies. By analyzing policy options and innovation-driven responses, it provides valuable insights into managing migration dynamics while sustaining agricultural development. Financial and market-oriented perspectives are explored in Strengthening Feed Security in West Africa: Unleashing the Strategic Potential of Financial Institutions for Sustainable Livestock Systems and The Economics of Eco-Innovation: Consumer Acceptance of Betel Leaf (Piper betle) Bath Bombs. Together, these chapters highlight how access to finance, investment strategies, and consumer behavior can drive sustainable production systems and support the adoption of environmentally friendly innovations. The final chapter, Food Irradiation for Mitigating Post-Harvest Losses in Nigeria, focuses on a technological solution to one of the most persistent challenges in food systems. By addressing post-harvest losses, it underscores the importance of integrating science, policy, and innovation to improve food availability and resilience. Collectively, the chapters offer a comprehensive perspective on pathways toward sustainable and inclusive agri-food systems.