Rwanda has committed itself to transforming into a knowledge-driven economy, with strategic efforts centered on technology transfer, research commercialisation, and innovation-led development. Supported by a network of government, academic, private sector, and civil society actors, Rwanda’s research and innovation (R&I) ecosystem has evolved considerably. The STI policy serves as a national blueprint for embedding science, technology, and innovation into its socio-economic development agenda. The policy is anchored in the country’s long-term development vision (Vision 2050) and the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1), which recognises STI as a driver of productivity, competitiveness, and inclusive growth.