Sensitivity Analysis of the Basic Reproduction Number for Two Strains Covid-19 Model with Vaccination and Awareness Program

Sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number is an essential mathematical tool for identifying the parameters that most strongly influence disease transmission in epidemiological models. This study analyzes the sensitivity of the basic reproduction number in a COVID-19 transmission model comprising seven mutually exclusive compartments and incorporating vaccination and awareness interventions. The basic reproduction number, R₀, was derived using the next-generation matrix method, after which local sensitivity analysis was conducted using data obtained from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and other sources. The analysis produced two values of R₀ whose magnitudes depend on the model parameters, particularly those associated with vaccination and public awareness. The findings indicate that recruitment and infection rates exert strong positive effects on disease transmission, whereas vaccination and natural recovery rates have negative effects on disease progression. These results demonstrate that reducing infection-related parameters while strengthening vaccination and recovery mechanisms is critical for controlling COVID-19 transmission. The study contributes to epidemiological modeling by identifying the parameters that should be prioritized in disease-control strategies. Accordingly, policymakers should implement coordinated interventions, including quarantine, lockdown measures, vaccination programs, and effective public awareness campaigns, to reduce transmission and limit disease growth.