Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Camel Brucellosis in Niger

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Tahoua region (Niger) to estimate the seroprevalence of camel brucellosis and identify the risk factors associated with its occurrence. A total of 332 serum samples were collected from dromedaries of various sexes and ages from 32 farms in four departments of the region. Serological analyses were performed using two tests: the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and the indirect ELISA (iELISA). The results revealed a positivity rate of 0.3 % for each of the two tests, corresponding to two different animals. Parallel interpretation allowed an overall seroprevalence of 0.6 % to be estimated. However, no statistically significant association (P > 0.05) was observed between seroprevalence and the variables studied, such as age, sex, farming method, contact with other ruminants, herd size or breed. Furthermore, the survey revealed a low level of knowledge about the disease among farmers. The most significant practices identified as likely to promote disease transmission in the study area were the consumption of raw milk, the handling of aborted foetuses and placentas with bare hands, the cohabitation of dromedaries with other domestic animal species, and poor livestock management. Although the prevalence observed is low, the circulation of Brucella spp. cannot be ruled out in the region. Given the zoonotic potential of the disease, it is necessary to strengthen prevention, awareness and surveillance measures.