Smart technology solution for a cleaner city: a case study of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Abstract This paper investigates Smart-TRACS, an affordable and innovative smart technology solution to improve solid waste management and revenue collection in the rapidly expanding city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. By analyzing data from key stakeholders in the solid waste management service chain, the study validates the hypotheses that: (H1) Smart-TRACS has improved solid waste management service provision, and (H2) Smart-TRACS has enhanced refuse collection charges collection rates in the piloted wards. Notably, Smart-TRACS registered a 129% increase in identified service users, 13.5% increase in revenue collection, 55% increase in revenue collection coverage, and many other positive impacts resulting from data-driven internal management optimization. This paper provides compelling evidence that leveraging data can drive improved efficiency, resilience, innovation and inclusivity in Dar es Salaam’s city development. However, the paper also identifies limitations with Smart-TRACS, which underscore challenges hindering the city’s transition to a smart city status. The absence of an actively implemented robust overarching city master plan, smart city coordination framework, a challenging business environment, and the risks associated with sudden institutional change pose significant obstacles to sustained smart city development and innovation. Addressing these core challenges is crucial for Dar es Salaam to embark on a sustainable path towards smart city development and realize its potential for transformative growth.