​Sociocultural Influences on Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake in Ghana: A Qualitative Participatory Action Research Study

Background Cervical Cancer remains a major public health concern globally, particularly in low-and middle-income countries where screening uptake remains low despite the availability of preventive interventions. In Ghana, sociocultural beliefs and practices continue to shape women’s perceptions and utilization of cervical cancer screening services. Embracing the Ubuntu philosophy, which emphasizes communal relationships, respect and mutual care, this study explored the sociocultural influences on cervical cancer screening uptake among women in Ghana. Methods The study employed a qualitative exploratory design within a participatory Action Research approach. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were employed to select 43 participants comprising 23 nurses, 12 community women and 8 male partners. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis framework. Trustworthiness was established using Lincoln and Guba’s criteria for qualitative research. Results Three major themes emerged from the analysis: cultural beliefs and practices; religious beliefs; and family and interpersonal influences on cervical cancer screening uptake. Cultural norms surrounding body modesty, misconceptions about cervical cancer, and beliefs in spiritual or traditional causes of illness discouraged screening. Reliance on faith healing and religious testimonies of divine healing by people further limited uptake. Family dynamics, particularly spousal control, jealousy, and the level of partner support, also shaped women’s screening behaviors. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that sociocultural beliefs and practices strongly shape cervical cancer screening behaviors among Ghanaian women underscoring the need for culturally appropriate and community driven interventions to improve screening uptake.