Spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia among women age 15-49 years in Burkina Faso; using mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression model

Background: Anemia is a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells/ hemoglobin (Hgb) level (and consequently their oxygen-carrying capacity) is insufficient to meet the body’s physiologic needs. Assessing the geographic distributions of anemia and determinant factors across the regions in Burkina Faso can inform the national policy in designing prevention and intervention programmes to address anemia. Thus, the current study is aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia among women aged 15–49.in Burkina Faso Methods: A secondary data analysis was done based on 2021 Burkina Faso; Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Total weighted samples of 5655 women’s were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 14; ArcGIS 10.1 and SaTScan 9.6 software. Spatial autocorrelation was checked using Global Moran’s index (Moran’s I). Hotspot analysis was made using Gettis-OrdGi*statistics. Additionally, spatial scan statistics were applied to identify significant primary and secondary cluster of anemia. Mixed effect ordinal logistics were fitted to determine factors associated with the level of anemia. Result: The spatial distribution of anemia in Burkina Faso among women aged 15–49.was found to be clustered (Global Moran’s I = 0.25, p value < 0.0001). In the multivariable mixed-effect ordinal regression analysis; Age 25-29 years [AOR = 1.31 ; 95% CI: 1.06  1.61], rich wealth status [AOR = 1.32 ; 95% CI: 1.08   1.62],   regions Cascades [AOR = 1.62 ; 95% CI: 1.16   2.25],   Hauts-bassins [AOR =  1.40   ; 95% CI: 1.06   1.84],  Plateau central [AOR =  0.72    ; 95% CI: -0.54   0.96 and Sahel[AOR =  0.42   ; 95% CI: 0.28  0.63] , were significant predictors of anemia among women aged 15–49 Conclusions: A significant clustering of anemia among women aged 15–49 were found in Burkina Faso and the significant hotspot areas with high cluster anemia were identified in Boucle du mouhoun , Centre , Hauts-bassins ,Nord, Centre Ouest, Plateau central, and Centre Est regions. Besides, Age, wealth index, regions Cascades , Hauts-bassins, Plateau central, and Sahel were significant predictors of anemia. Therefore, effective public health intervention and nutritional education should be designed for the identified hotspot areas and risk groups in order to decrease the incidence of anemia. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 65 No. 2 (2024):